Authentication
==============

Authentication is the act of verifying who a user is, and is the basis of the login process. Typically, authentication uses the combination of an identifier--a username or email address--and a password. The user submits these values  through a form, and the application then compares the submitted information against that previously stored (e.g., upon registration).

In Yii, this entire process is performed semi-automatically, leaving the developer to merely implement [[yii\web\IdentityInterface]], the most important class in the authentication system. Typically, implementation of `IdentityInterface` is accomplished using the `User` model.

You can find a fully featured example of authentication in the
[advanced application template](installation.md). Below, only the interface methods are listed:

```php
class User extends ActiveRecord implements IdentityInterface
{
	// ...

	/**
	 * Finds an identity by the given ID.
	 *
	 * @param string|integer $id the ID to be looked for
	 * @return IdentityInterface|null the identity object that matches the given ID.
	 */
	public static function findIdentity($id)
	{
		return static::find($id);
	}

	/**
	 * Finds an identity by the given token.
	 *
	 * @param string $token the token to be looked for
	 * @return IdentityInterface|null the identity object that matches the given token.
	 */
	public static function findIdentityByAccessToken($token)
	{
		return static::find(['access_token' => $token]);
	}

	/**
	 * @return int|string current user ID
	 */
	public function getId()
	{
		return $this->id;
	}

	/**
	 * @return string current user auth key
	 */
	public function getAuthKey()
	{
		return $this->auth_key;
	}

	/**
	 * @param string $authKey
	 * @return boolean if auth key is valid for current user
	 */
	public function validateAuthKey($authKey)
	{
		return $this->getAuthKey() === $authKey;
	}
}
```

Two of the outlined methods are simple: `findIdentity` is provided with an  ID value and returns a model instance associated with that ID. The `getId` method returns the ID itself.
Two of the other methods--`getAuthKey` and `validateAuthKey`--are used to provide extra security to the "remember me" cookie. The `getAuthKey` method should return a string that is unique for each user. You can create reliably create a unique string using `Security::generateRandomKey()`. It's a good idea to also save this as part of the user's record:

```php
public function beforeSave($insert)
{
	if (parent::beforeSave($insert)) {
		if ($this->isNewRecord) {
			$this->auth_key = Security::generateRandomKey();
		}
		return true;
	}
	return false;
}
```

The `validateAuthKey` method just needs to compare the `$authKey` variable, passed as parameter (itself retrieved from a cookie), with the value fetched from database.
